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This seminar will trace the concept of force and its interaction with matter from Galileo in the late sixteenth century to rise of field theory in the work of James Clerk Maxwell in the late nineteenth century. Major figures to be studied through primary source readings are Galileo, Kepler, Descartes, Hobbes, Newton, Boscovich, Schelling, Laplace, Fourier, Faraday, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and Maxwell.