0.0

credits

Average Course Rating

We all take it for granted that perceptual experience yields knowledge of the world around us. But in his Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes presents new and puzzling thought experiments. He asks whether there is any way to be sure that, when he tales himself to be experiencing things in the world around him, he is not dreaming. From there, he goes on to imagines an Evil Demon with the power to manipulate the total course of his (Descartes’s) experience, so that what he naturally takes to be experience of the world around him is really a kind of perpetual dream: a simulation or virtual reality, as we might say today. Descartes’s problem, which has made its way into popular culture through films like those in the "Matrix" series, remains a source of philosophical puzzlement. While no one believes that skeptical hypotheses like Demon or computer deception are true, it is not easy to say how we can exclude them. Given that the deception is systematic, it seems that any 'evidence' I cite could itself be part of the simulation. So how do I (or could I) know (for sure) that I’m not the victim of the Deceiver or the Matrix? We shall examine some of the latest attempts to respond to Descartes’s challenge. Does the “How could I know?” question admit of a theoretical answer. Is the question itself somehow ill-posed? Can we answer it without making significant concessions to skepticism? What can we learn about knowledge (or the concept of knowledge) by coming to understand how skepticism arises and how it goes wrong (if it does)? Readings from contemporary sources.