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This course is a theoretical treatment of the question of form in fragmented bourgeois society since the late eighteenth century. Essential to modernity is a political and philosophical conflict between established forms and individual and collective lives. We will treat the concepts of form, freedom, and subjectivity in four spheres: aesthetics, morality, political economy, history. We will read texts by Kant, Hegel, Marx, Lukacs, Weber, and Adorno, literary works by Goethe, Rilke, Kafka, Stevens, and discuss paintings by Manet, Malevich, Guglielmo.