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The course provides students with an intermediate understanding of the physics of medical imaging devices. For each modality, we will discuss the physical contrast mechanisms, data acquisition systems, image formation techniques, performance tradeoffs, and state-of-the art technologies and applications. Lectures and in-class discussions will be complemented by tours of imaging research laboratories and clinical facilities. The technologies that will be discussed in the class include: X-ray Imaging: Generation, interaction, and detection of x-rays, radiation dose. Radiography, mammography, Computer Tomography (CT), and interventional applications of x-ray imaging. Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging: Gamma-ray emission and detection, radiotracer physics, and radiotracer development. Single-Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and small-animal systems. Biophotonics: Physics and basic properties of light: wave-particle duality, polarization, generation (sources) and detection (detectors). Light propagation properties and image formation: reflection, refraction, rays and waves, diffraction, image formation, and resolution. Light-matter interactions and imaging contrast: including absorption, single and multiple scattering (diffusion), fluorescence. Classic optical imaging modalities: camera, optical microscopy, tomography. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy: Behavior of atomic nuclei in a magnetic field, generation of resonance signals, relaxation processes, spatial encoding techniques, gradient and radiofrequency (RF) systems, image contrast mechanisms. Advances and diverse applications of MRI in medicine. Proton MR Spectroscopy: Single-voxel and spectroscopic imaging techniques.