2.0

credits

Average Course Rating

Prepares students who work or plan to work with animal subjects in the laboratory. Explores how to comprehensively and adequately apply Refinement methods in practice. Focuses on current housing and husbandry standards and discusses the benefits of a ‘culture of care’ for animals. Examines current best approaches to the important experimental refinements, namely anesthesia, analgesia, pain assessment and management, health monitoring, and humane endpoints and killing methods. To further assess the quality of animal-based research, necessary refinements in planning, conduct, analysis and reporting practices of animal studies are reviewed. Presents potential barriers to the uptake and application of Refinement methods and how they are challenged.