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This course examines modern energy technologies through the lens of economic analysis, evaluating their market dynamics, environmental implications, and policy frameworks. The curriculum spans the full energy spectrum, from traditional fossil fuels to emerging renewable technologies and storage solutions. Students explore industrial organization principles applied to energy markets, including oligopoly dynamics such as OPEC's role as a cartel and natural monopolies in power systems. The curriculum covers contemporary challenges such as power market design, rate structures, grid modernization, transportation electrification, and industrial decarbonization strategies including hydrogen, carbon capture, and direct air capture technologies. Students engage with real-world energy economics problems through interactive discussions, case studies from global markets, expert guest speakers, and empirical research methods. The course culminates in an independent research paper utilizing analytical techniques, with opportunities to be considered for a non-credit capstone.