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Energy, climate change and the energy transition are upending international relations. Rising temperatures and extreme weather events are generating new security risks and threats, while also impacting food security, migration and development. At the same time, rising geopolitical tensions, and in particular great power rivalry is reducing the ability of multilateral fora, such as the Conference of the Parties, to move forward global climate mitigation and adaptation. Energy, on its side, represents the dominant factor driving climate change. The energy transition towards green and clean energy therefore represents the key, albeit not the only one, to ensure the world reaches net zero by 2050. However, much like the fossil fuel-dominated energy system influenced international relations for decades, so does the transition to clean and green energy. Europe, deeply affected by climate change and at the forefront of climate diplomacy and the energy transition, is at the crux of these dynamics.