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This seminar will examine the multiple ways in which technology is shaping economic development. It will first discuss the multiple meanings we attach to technology, how it drove the different industrial revolutions powering economic development and the role of innovation and diffusion of technology in that process. Second, it will examine the role of technology in addressing specific development challenges, from strengthening human capital to accessing energy to production and jobs in developing economies. Third, it will analyze the social and political forces unleased by technological change and how they affect the deeper determinants of development. Fourth, the seminar will survey the main policy instruments (from industrial policy to standards), that can help developing countries better leverage technology for development. The seminar will conclude by discussing the implications of the “Fourth Industrial Revolution” (IoT, 5G, AI) for the economic prospects of developing countries.