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States and those vying for power have engaged in spying for millennia, but it is only in the modern era that they have developed formalized structures and tradecraft to counter the intelligence activities of their adversaries. These entities have hadto adapt to ever-changing threats and have often been used against both internal and external enemies. Even within the last century, the mandate of Western counterintelligence agencies has transformed from a focus on wartime spies, to countering the Cold War activities of the Great Game, to tackling non-traditional/cyber collectors and countering lethal operations. While the threat is constantly evolving, counterintelligence professionals rely on a core set of strategies to identify and ultimately disrupt adversarial activity. The application of these strategies varies across the world, but effective counterintelligence involves an offensive posture often at odds with the culture or foreign policy of various states. This course is designed as an intensive seminar covering the above elements of counterintelligence, from the theoretical to the historical to the practical. It will seek to build a foundation for further application in fields such as cyber security, intelligence analysis, and national security policy. It will also explore the friction between counterintelligence agencies and other parts of government and evolution of oversight over time. This course will employ scenario-based learning in which groups will be assigned to plan and execute theoretical counterintelligence policies, operations, and countermeasures based on constantly evolving information. The practical exercise will mirror the course structure and address increasingly complex issues.