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Designed for non-lawyers, we will explore the 21st century challenges that face the international trade system in a very interactive setting. The emphasis will be on the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and important free trade agreements, including rules governing trade in goods and services, and intellectual property protection. Policy considerations will be emphasized – such as the environmental, developmental, and public health implications of WTO rules, including human and labor rights, as well as security concerns. Particular attention will be given to the 21st century challenges (i) posed by the globalization backlash, (ii) Covid-19 and access to medicines, (iii) climate change, (iv) social policy gaps in the trade regime (environmental, labor and human rights norms), and (v) national security considerations, including the use of trade preferences and sanctions as an arm of foreign policy.